Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan in a developing multipolar world

Kazakhstan in a developing multipolar world
04.09.2023

Kazakhstan is a participant of the world order, not its developer. During 30 years of independence Astana has been trying to integrate into the international community and the established world economy on conditions, which were imposed by international financial institutions and existing norms for developing countries. 

Fukuyama's mistake: a unipolar world turned out to be a utopia

Fukuyama's mistake: a unipolar world turned out to be a utopia
26.07.2023

It is back in 1989 that the American thinker Francis Fukuyama, perhaps unknowingly became the first to predict the demise of the "unipolar world”. In his essay "The End of History?" he triumphantly said that the spread of American-style liberal democracy throughout the world would bring about the common good, and would signal that the mankind has achieved the end point in its sociocultural evolution.