Indonesia

Oficially Indonesia (Republik Indonesia) is a country located in South-East Asia, on the Islands of the Malay archipelago and the Western part of the island of New Guinea. It is the largest island country in the world with more than seventeen thousand islands. Indonesia has land borders with Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor.

Indonesia is a unitary state. Capital of Indonesia – Jakarta. The largest cities are Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Bekasi, Semarang.
Comprising a land area of 1,904,569 km2 (735,358 sq mi), Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area.
Indonesia’s population (based on results from the 2010 census) is more than 237,5 million people.

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Geopolitical profile

Geopolitical position:

Position on the geopolitical map:

Outer crescent. Politically can be considered as a Rimland country. Former European colony with mixed geopolitical orientation.

Geopolitical balance:

~50% Eurasianist, ~50% Atlantist

Main geopolitical allies:

Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Singapore, Japan, USA

Opponents:

Philippines, Malaysia.

Neutrality:

Africa, Latin America.

Sphere of national interest.:

Southeast Asia, The Asia-Pacific region, Asia.

International disputes:

Indonesia had been participated in the conflict with Malaysia (1963–66). It stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of Malaysia.
Indonesia had invaded East Timor. Indonesian occupation of East Timor had been lasted from 1975 until 1999.
Indonesia acted with the peace initiatives in connection with a settlement border dispute between Cambodia and Thailand.
Indonesia actively participates in UN peacekeeping operations (Republic of Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kuwait).

Territorial disputes:

The subject of a territorial dispute between Indonesia and Philippines are the waters of the Celebes sea near the Islands of Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Mindanao (Philippines). May 23, 2014 Indonesia and the Philippines signed an agreement on the new Maritime boundary.

Ethnosociology:

Ethnical identity:

Austronesians (74%), melanesians (4%), others (22%).

Languages:

Indonesian, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese

Nationlal_identity:

Muslims (88%), Protestants (5%), Roman Catholics (3%), Hindus (2%), Buddhism (1%), Others (2%).

Political Ideology:

Political schema :

Indonesia has a multi-party system, which is organized on the liberal democratic model. The largest party in Indonesia is the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. Currently, the party's ideology is Pancasila. Pancasila is ideology of “unity in diversity”, which is model for “society of justice and prosperity”. It had formulated by Sukarno and consisted of five principles. The principles are based on Buddhist and Islamic philosophy, and the theory of socialism.

There are still a few major political parties in Indonesia – the Party of the Functional Groups “Golkar”, the Great Indonesia Movement Party, the Democratic Party, the National Mandate Party.

Geoeconomy:

Economical descriprtion:

State of semi-periphery. The second world.

Indonesia is the largest national economy in Southeast Asia, it ranks eighth in the world in terms of GDP. Indonesia belongs to the category of the most perspective in economic terms, developing countries — the group of eleven. Indonesia has a mixed economy, but the government controls a substantial part of country's economy.

Indonesia’s diversified economy includes industry, services, agriculture. The industrial sector includes automotive, chemical industry, pulp and paper, textile and food industry. Oil, natural gas and coal are mined in the country. There is a lot of small businesses, including traditional crafts in Indonesia.

Agriculture is a traditional sector of the local economy. But its share in GDP is gradually decreasing. The main food crops are rice, corn, bananas, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, sago palm and others. Important industries are fishing (3rd rank in the world catch of fish and seafood) and forestry. The country is actively developing the tourism industry.

Geostrategy:

Geostrategy description:

Main security threats:

- Terrorism;
- Separatism: The province of Aceh on Sumatra; Eastern Irian on Papua New Guinea;
- Conflicts between the indigenous and Chinese population;
- The possibility of pressure from the West.

Values structure:

Marginal notes:

Over 88% of Indonesians declare themselves Muslims. Members of different faiths peacefully coexist in the country. Traditional values and values of regional isolationism and national sovereignty in Indonesia are strong. But the ideology of human rights imposed by the West to the Indonesia’s government.

Transnational organizations:

Transnational description:

ASEAN, ARF, APEC, CICA, ACD, WTO.

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Indonesia

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