9 vs 11 May: What created difference?

Public riots in Pakistan administrative Azad-Kashmir on 11 May 2024 is second political upheaval after 9th May 2023 where masses resisted violently against the state institutions. During the protest thousands of people came on the road against the rising prices of floor and electricity under the leadership of joint awami action committees. Although, it was the peaceful march but the aggression from the law enforcement agencies made it violent. However, the problem started when the members of awami action committee were arrested from their homes in mid night on 09 May. In response of these arrests, committee called for protest on 10 May.

The protest became violent and protestors started pelting stones on security personnels when they started shelling with the tear gas on the protestors. Under the circumstances, clashes left with the one police official dead and hundreds of injuries. The conflict further escalated when the protestors arrived in Muzafarabad where the clashes were witnessed between protestors and rangers, which left with death of four people and hundreds of injuries. And finally, strike end with the victory of masses where their demands were accepted.

On the other hands, on 9 May 2023 Ex-PM Imran Khan was arrested in the corruption case while making appearance in IHC. Resultantly, this triggered nationwide riots by the khan supporters, who were blaming military to manage the arrest, which has been denied consistently by the institute several times. Nevertheless. It was first time in the history of Pakistan when the army installations were stormed directly during rampage. Amid protest, protestors attacked on the gate of Army General Headquarter (GHQ) in Rawalpindi, attacked on Lahore corp commander house and burnt it, attacked on armed forces institute of cardiology Rawalpindi, targeted an army convoy on the mall road.

Further, monuments of armed forces were not only attacked but also demolished and desecrated. Moreover, on the several places, many police vehicles and security posts were set fire. Roads were blocked in various cities of Pakistan including karachi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Faislabad, Multan and Quetta. consequently, in order to maintain law and order dozens of people were arrested and several FIRs were registered against the protestors. According to the report published in dawn 15 September 2023, Rawalpindi police registered 13 FIRs, including one registered with the Attock police, against the 2400 people.

Resultantly, the PTI leadership had to go underground in order to save their selves from arrest and the whole party had to face many troubles and sent behind the seen. This can be confirmed with the election results of 2024. Despite the PTI candidates unable to campaign freely, won 93 seats in national assembly and emerged as single largest party. Even than they could not form the government because of few technical reasons. Consequently, these whole protest ends with the putting a black spot on the political career of PTI and the victory of rulers.

However, both events with different outcomes set off new questions which are necessarily to be answered. So that the parties, groups or social activists who are either resisting for change or development may able to design better strategies for this purpose. Further it will also help out those who are fighting for freedom of speech, democratization and the inclusive society. Indeed, it is difficult to cover all dimensions in single attempt because of the complexity of the problem, but it has been tried in this study to take a glance of the issue so that the debate may be generated among different social and political groups in effort to formulate a better strategy on this phenomenon in intention to build an inclusive society.

The roots of the problem can be traced back from the political evolution of both areas. Kashmir which is nominally a self-governing entity constitutes the western portion of the larger Kashmir region. in addition, its neither an industrial nor agricultural economy, major share of income is generated from the trade and remittances send by the Kashmiries, who are working in different countries. Moreover, being a disputed territory and sense of losing single national identity has created nationalistic and resistant politics in the region. Hence, these all are the major factors which has constructed specific behavior of the Kashmiri people which has contributed in constructing current political consciousness.

On the contrary, Pakistan which is combination of different national and subnational groups containing specific social behavior, follows their own traditional politics which is not only different but in many cases contradictory to each other. Further, the persistent distortion in the socio-political evolution has also contributed in the creation of certain behaviors. Along with these factors, ban on the student union and injecting criminal elements in student politics, shrinking of political power in the hand of single institution, religious extremism and short sightedness of the mainstream political parties are also cause of the incumbent political behavior of the masses.

Consequently, all these factors have affected political process into the country in two dimensions. First one is about the formulation of national politics. Because of these factors the politics has been divided into provinces on identity basis and there is no any single political party who can make government with simple majority from all the provinces. Hence, this phenomenon is significantly contributing in the socio-political polarization of the country. Second, the political consciousness of the masses has become more subjective, consequently the popular narratives are easily spreading and the post truth is dominating on the truth. Hence, this phenomenon is making people A political and violent simultaneously.

Howbeit, these all factors and the processes create such environment where people get ideologically confused, in addition, neither they can identify their rights and interest nor can choose the favorable political strategy and group to protect them. Resultantly, they convert into mob rather to be an organized community and start working against their own interests and rights with wrong methods which not only harms themselves but get them stand against their own class.

Nevertheless, this whole situation can be examined from the incidence of 9th May, where the whole anarchy was just created to protect a personality who is not even in favor of the common man. Rather to protect their own interest and demands. Ironically, during his own tenure he formed the policies which were against the masses and caused high unemployment and inflation in the economy and adversely affected on the economic performance of the country. On the contrary, the Kashmiris came out on 11th May not for any single personality or party but to protect their own interests and made accepted their demands.

Hence, this is the time to take this situation serious and on the top priority in order to create national politics through generating dialogue among masses, so that the shared sense of national identity and belonging may be created. Otherwise, the social fabric of the country has already fractured and the economy is on the brink of default. Further, the political turmoil is sharpening and youth is losing the trust on the system. Thus, a lack of seriousness in addressing this situation will have far reaching and devastating consequences, including the possibility of civil war or national fragmentation as we have witnessed in the past.